Table 1 Overview of experiments included in the meta-analysis. The column Publication/contribution states the source, which is either a publication or a contribution of a partner. Tree Age refers to the stand age at the beginning of the pre-drought inventory period. SPEI3Summer is the SPEI of the 3 summer months (June, July, August or December, January, and February) of the drought year stated in the previous column. Time since the last thinning is given in years and counted until the start of the pre-drought inventory period. Plot areas are given in hectares
From: No increased drought-related mortality after thinning: a meta-analysis
Nr | Experiment | Publication/contribution | Region/country | Koeppen climate zone | Tree age | Pre-drought inventory period | Drought inventory period | Drought year | SPEI3Summer | Ratio SDI thinning vs control | Time since the last thinning | Main species | Latitude | Longitude | Plot area control | Plot area thinning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Anderson-Oak | Anderson (2017) | USA—Missouri | Dfa | 79 | 2001–2009 (8) | 2009–2015 (6) | 2012 |  − 2.40 | 0.68 | 35 | Quercus velutina Lam | 37.5 |  − 91.25 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
2 | Anderson-Pine | Anderson (2017) | USA—Missouri | Dfa | 66 | 2000–2007 (7) | 2007–2015 (8) | 2012 |  − 2.40 | 0.42 | 12 | Pinus echinata Mill | 37.5 |  − 91.25 | 0.2 | 0.8 |
3 | Cochran&Seidel | Cochran and Seidel (1999) | USA—Washington | Dsb | 34 | 1965–1970 (5) | 1970–1975 (5) | 1973 |  − 1.92 | 0.25 | 5 | Larix occidentalis Nutt | 45.098 |  − 117.664 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
4 | delRio_Fuencaliente | Contribution Miren del Rio | Spain—Central | BSk | 54 | 2005–2010 (5) | 2010–2015 (5) | 2012 |  − 1.68 | 0.5 | 5 | Pinus pinaster Ait | 38.473 |  − 4.358 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
5 | FGrOW_CM_22_08&22_09 | Contribution FGroW Bjelanovic (2021) | Canada—Alberta | Dfc | 22 | 2013–2016 (3) | 2016–2021 (5) | 2021 |  − 1.93 | 0.46 | 3 | Populus tremuloides Michx | 54.573 |  − 114.761 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
6 | FVA_Bu224 | Contribution FVA | Germany—BW | Cfb | 103 | 2009–2014 (5) | 2014–2019 (5) | 2015, 2018, 2019 |  − 1.83  − 1.89  − 1.80 | 0.71 | 5 | Fagus sylvatica L | 49.422 | 9.312 | 0.25 | 0.4 |
7 | FVA_Bu226 | Contribution FVA | Germany—BW | Dfb | 101 | 1994–1999 (5) | 1999–2004 (5) | 2003 |  − 1.98 | 0.79 | 5 | Fagus sylvatica | 48.638 | 10.062 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
8 | FVA_Bu227 | Contribution FVA | Germany—BW | Dfb | 107 | 2009–2014 (5) | 2014–2019 (5) | 2015, 2018, 2019 |  − 2.05  − 1.79  − 1.80 | 0.85 | 10 | Fagus sylvatica | 48.593 | 9.981 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
9 | FVA_Bu229 | Contribution FVA | Germany—BW | Dfb | 109 | 2009–2014 (5) | 2014–2019 (5) | 2015, 2018, 2019 |  − 2.04  − 1.79  − 1.77 | 0.74 | 5 | Fagus sylvatica | 48.564 | 9.953 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
10 | FVA_Bu230 | Contribution FVA | Germany—BW | Dfb | 111 | 1994–1999 (5) | 1999–2004 (5) | 2003 |  − 1.99 | 0.87 | 5 | Fagus sylvatica | 48.703 | 10.265 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
11 | FVA_Bu247 | Contribution FVA | Germany—BW | Dfb | 54 | 2007–2012 (5) | 2012–2017 (5) | 2015 |  − 1.77 | 0.78 | 5 | Fagus sylvatica | 48.968 | 8.525 | 0.41 | 0.43 |
12 | FVA_Fi392 | Contribution FVA | Germany—BW | Dfb | 41 | 2007–2012 (5) | 2012–2017 (5) | 2015 |  − 2.12 | 0.24 | 5 | Picea abies H.Karst | 48.729 | 10.216 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
13 | FVA_Fi405 | Contribution FVA | Germany—BW | Dfb | 44 | 2005–2010 (5) | 2010–2015 (5) | 2015 |  − 1.96 | 0.52 | 5 | Picea abies | 48.091 | 9.384 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
14 | FVA_Fi411 | Contribution FVA | Germany—BW | Cfb | 61 | 2009–2014 (5) | 2014–2018 (4) | 2015, 2018 |  − 1.75  − 1.81 | 0.37 | 11 | Picea abies | 47.86 | 7.865 | 0.17 | 0.21 |
15 | FVA_Fi414 | Contribution FVA | Germany—BW | Dfb | 47 | 1996–2002 (6) | 2002–2008 (6) | 2003 |  − 1.82 | 0.44 | 6 | Picea abies | 47.871 | 8.046 | 0.23 | 0.32 |
16 | FVA_Fi419 | Contribution FVA | Germany—BW | Dfb | 50 | 2007–2012 (5) | 2012–2017 (5) | 2015 |  − 1.83 | 0.74 | 5 | Picea abies | 47.831 | 8.194 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
17 | FVA_Fi442 | Contribution FVA | Germany—BW | Dfb | 43 | 2005–2010 (5) | 2010–2016 (6) | 2015 |  − 1.89 | 0.8 | 22 | Picea abies | 48.25 | 9.124 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
18 | FVA_Ki120 | Contribution FVA | Germany—BW | Cfb | 46 | 2005–2013 (8) | 2013–2019 (6) | 2015, 2018 |  − 1.77  − 1.74 | 0.32 | NA | Pinus sylvestris | 47.951 | 7.608 | 0.25 | 0.2 |
19 | Harkas_30_28 | Contribution Luke (Mäkinen & Isomäki 2004) | Finland—South | Dfc | 54 | 1986–1994 (8) | 1994–2011 (17) | 1997, 2006 |  − 1.66  − 2.70 | 0.86 | 23 | Pinus sylvestris | 62.372 | 26.852 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
20 | Arpvanha_376_19 | Contribution Luke (Mäkinen & Isomäki 2004) | Finland—South | Dfc | 93 | 1989–2003 (14) | 2003–2015 (12) | 2006 |  − 2.65 | 0.63 | 14 | Pinus sylvestris | 62.069 | 24.491 | 2 | 2.5 |
21 | Harkas_419_65 | Contribution Luke (Mäkinen & Isomäki 2004) | Finland—South | Dfc | 40 | 1991–2000 (9) | 2000–2011 (11) | 2006 |  − 2.64 | 0.09 | 9 | Pinus sylvestris | 62.085 | 24.381 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
22 | Harkas_420_1 | Contribution Luke (Mäkinen & Isomäki 2004) | Finland—South | Dfc | 60 | 1998–2005 (7) | 2005–2012 (7) | 2006 |  − 2.39 | 0.31 | 7 | Picea abies | 61.216 | 24.517 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
23 | Harkas_423_1 | Contribution Luke (Mäkinen & Isomäki 2004) | Finland—South | Dfc | 70 | 1992–1998 (6) | 1998–2010 (12) | 2006 |  − 2.40 | 0.54 | 14 | Picea abies | 61.133 | 25.96 | 3 | 2 |
24 | Harkas_425_3 | Contribution Luke (Mäkinen & Isomäki 2004) | Finland—South | Dfc | 36 | 1962–1967 (5) | 1967–1974 (7) | 1973 |  − 1.73 | 0.61 | 5 | Picea abies | 61.217 | 25.993 | 1 | 1 |
25 | Arpvanha_429_3 | Contribution Luke (Mäkinen & Isomäki 2004) | Finland—South | Dfc | 109 | 1989–2003 (14) | 2003–2014 (11) | 2006 |  − 2.42 | 0.62 | 39 | Pinus sylvestris | 61.214 | 25.089 | 1.43 | 2.5 |
26 | Arpvanha_446_44 | Contribution Luke (Mäkinen & Isomäki 2004) | Finland—South | Dfc | 114 | 1986–1996 (10) | 1996–2012 (16) | 2006 |  − 2.46 | 0.82 | 10 | Pinus sylvestris | 61.395 | 25.053 | 2 | 2 |
27 | Arpvanha_459_11 | Contribution Luke (Siipilehto et al. 2021) | Finland—South | Dfc | 55 | 1987–1999 (12) | 1999–2019 (20) | 2006, 2018 |  − 2.55  − 1.89 | 0.65 | 12 | Picea abies | 62.158 | 22.874 | 1.67 | 5 |
28 | Arpvanha_474_1 | Contribution Luke (Mäkinen & Isomäki 2004) | Finland—South | Dfc | 58 | 1987–1996 (9) | 1996–2006 (10) | 2006 |  − 2.54 | 0.5 | 9 | Pinus sylvestris | 62.177 | 22.832 | 1 | 1 |
29 | Harkas_8_5 | Contribution Luke (Mäkinen & Isomäki 2004) | Finland—South | Dfc | 63 | 1994–2003 (9) | 2003–2011 (8) | 2006 |  − 2.67 | 0.33 | 9 | Picea abies | 62.145 | 24.713 | 2 | 1 |
30 | Moreno | Moreno Fernandez et al. (2021) | Spain—Central | BSk | 34 | 1998–2002 (4) | 2002–2007 (5) | 2005 |  − 1.91 | 0.45 | 8 | Quercus pyrenaica Willd | 40.9 |  − 3.85 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
31 | Neumann&Hasenhauer | Neumann and Hasenauer (2021) | Austria—Vienna | Dfb | 100 | 2009–2014 (5) | 2014–2019 (5) | 2015 |  − 1.75 | 0.27 | 5 | Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl | 48.22 | 16.24 | 0.25 | 0.2 |
32 | Powers | Powers et al. (2010) | USA—Minnesota | Dfb | 50 | 1962–1967 (5) | 1967–1972 (5) | 1970 |  − 2.08 | 0.17 | 5 | Pinus resinosa Ait | 47.7 |  − 91.933 | 0.72 | 0.72 |