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Table 2 Mean value and standard deviation per species and per treatment of the parameters measured for growth at weeks 14–15, growth at harvest, plant description at harvest. Column P indicates the results of either Student’s t test or the Mann–Whitney test for comparison of two treatments. For the bark area ratio and bark thickness ratio, Student’s t test was used for comparison with the theoretical mean of 1. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; NS: not significant

From: Influence of mechanical stress on biomass allocation in three species (Pachira aquatica Aubl., Sextonia rubra (Mez) van der Werff and Simarouba amara Aubl.) with contrasting posture control mechanisms

 

P. aquatica

Si. amara

Se. rubra

 

Control

Tilted

P

Control

Tilted

P

Control

Tilted

P

Growth at weeks 14–15

 Diameter rel. incr. (-)

0.63 ± 0.20

0.80 ± 0.16

*

0.61 ± 0.30

0.95 ± 0.46

*

0.34 ± 0.10

0.60 ± 0.17

***

 Ovalisation index (-)

0.98 ± 0.04

1.11 ± 0.07

***

1.01 ± 0.04

1.18 ± 0.07

***

1.01 ± 0.03

1.03 ± 0.05

NS

 Height rel. incr. (-)

0.39 ± 0.27

0.07 ± 0.05

***

0.43 ± 0.13

0.27 ± 0.21

*

0.27 ± 0.11

0.20 ± 0.11

NS

 Rel. slenderness (-)

 − 0.14 ± 0.12

 − 0.40 ± 0.06

***

 − 0.09 ± 0.16

 − 0.32 ± 0.13

***

 − 0.05 ± 0.08

 − 0.25 ± 0.05

***

 New leaves (-)

4 ± 2

3 ± 1

*

6 ± 1

5 ± 2

NS

5 ± 2

6 ± 3

NS

Growth at harvest

 Final diameter (mm)

14.0 ± 2.9

16.0 ± 3.2

NS

8.1 ± 0.9

9.8 ± 1.3

***

5.2 ± 1.2

6.5 ± 1.6

**

 Final ovalisation index (-)

0.99 ± 0.04

1.11 ± 0.06

***

0.99 ± 0.06

0.93 ± 0.26

**

1.00 ± 0.03

1.01 ± 0.04

NS

 Final height (mm)

1044 ± 173

838 ± 167

***

565 ± 151

496 ± 155

NS

277 ± 94

285 ± 82

NS

Plan biomass, stem length and leaves at harvest

 M103°C roots (g)

13.5 ± 5.3

14.8 ± 5.9

NS

7.9 ± 2.0

8.8 ± 2.9

NS

2.0 ± 1.1

3.0 ± 1.7

*

 M103°C stem (g)

15.6 ± 6.5

16.1 ± 7.1

NS

4.8 ± 1.5

5.7 ± 2.1

NS

1.8 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.6

**

 M68°C leaves before (g)

7.1 ± 2.9

7.3 ± 3.3

NS

1.0 ± 1.4

0.7 ± 1.1

NS

2.7 ± 1.7

3.1 ± 2.0

NS

 M68°C leaves after (g)

3.5 ± 1.6

2.3 ± 1.1

*

4.9 ± 2.0

5.8 ± 2.2

NS

1.6 ± 0.8

2.0 ± 1.3

NS

 M68°C leaves total (g)

10.6 ± 3.5

9.6 ± 3.5

NS

5.9 ± 2.8

6.5 ± 2.9

NS

4.2 ± 2.4

5.1 ± 3.0

NS

 M total (g)

39.6 ± 14.4

40.5 ± 16.0

NS

18.6 ± 5.1

21.0 ± 6.1

NS

8.0 ± 4.5

11.0 ± 6.1

NS

 Leaf mass ratio (-)

0.27 ± 0.04

0.24 ± 0.04

*

0.30 ± 0.11

0.31 ± 0.08

NS

0.52 ± 0.08

0.45 ± 0.10

**

 Stem mass ratio (-)

0.39 ± 0.05

0.39 ± 0.004

NS

0.26 ± 0.06

0.27 ± 0.06

NS

0.22 ± 0.06

0.27 ± 0.06

***

 Shoot mass ratio (-)

0.66 ± 0.04

0.64 ± 0.02

**

0.57 ± 0.08

0.58 ± 0.10

NS

0.74 ± 0.05

0.72 ± 0.06

NS

 Root mass ratio (-)

0.34 ± 0.04

0.36 ± 0.02

**

0.43 ± 0.08

0.42 ± 0.10

NS

0.26 ± 0.05

0.28 ± 0.06

NS

 Stem specific length (mm.g−1)

78 ± 34

60 ± 22

NS

121 ± 24

91 ± 22

***

202 ± 98

139 ± 96

***

 Leaf area ratio (m2.kg−1)

5.3 ± 1.0

4.5 ± 0.8

*

4.9 ± 2.0

5.3 ± 1.8

NS

8.4 ± 1.6

7.4 ± 1.9

*

 Specific leaf area (m2.kg−1)

19.9 ± 2.0

19.4 ± 1.9

NS

15.7 ± 2.9

16.8 ± 2.3

NS

17.5 ± 2.3

17.2 ± 1.9

NS

 Total leaf area (cm2)

2020 ± 619

1733 ± 598

NS

945 ± 9487

1142 ± 562

NS

684 ± 387

836 ± 501

NS

 Number of leaves (-)

14 ± 4

13 ± 3

NS

10 ± 6

12 ± 4

NS

15 ± 6

17 ± 7

NS

Wood and bark at harvest

 Wood specific gravity (g.cm−3)

0.23 ± 0.03

0.18 ± 0.02

***

0.34 ± 0.02

0.38 ± 0.03

***

0.51 ± 0.04

0.53 ± 0.003

NS

 Bark specific gravity (g.cm−3)

0.25 ± 0.01

0.26 ± 0.01

NS

0.23 ± 0.02

0.21 ± 0.02

**

0.28 ± 0.03

0.26 ± 0.03

**

 Wood area including pith (mm2)

77 ± 35

95 ± 41

NS

33 ± 9

46 ± 12

***

9 ± 4

18 ± 9

***

 Bark area (mm2)

55 ± 19

56 ± 21

NS

18 ± 5

25 ± 9

**

11 ± 4

15 ± 6

NS

 Bark area ratio (-)

0.43 ± 0.05

0.38 ± 0.04

**

0.36 ± 0.05

0.35 ± 0.06

NS

0.57 ± 0.05

0.46 ± 0.07

***

 Bark thickness ratio (-)

0.95 ± 0.18NS

2.16 ± 0.654***

***

1.19 ± 0.32**

1.55 ± 0.54***

**

1.03 ± 0.14NS

1.05 ± 0.25NS

NS